|
The Amruteshvara temple ((カンナダ語:ಅಮೃತೇಶ್ವರ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ)) also spelt "Amrutesvara" or "Amruteshwara", is located in the village of Amruthapura, 67 km north of Chikmagalur town in the Chikkamagaluru district of the Karnataka state, India. Located 110 km from Hassan and 35 km from Shimoga on NH 206, Amruthapura is known for the Amruteshvara temple . The temple was built in 1196 C.E. by Amrutheshwara ''Dandanayaka'' (''lit'', "commander") under Hoysala King Veera Ballala II. ==Amrutesvara temple== The temple is a built according to Hoysala architecture with a wide open ''mantapa'' (hall).〔Foekema (1996), p37〕 The temple has a original outer wall with enique equally spaced circular carvings. The temple has one ''vimana'' (shrine and tower) and therefore is a ''ekakuta'' design,〔Quote:"Depending on the number of towers, temples are classified as ''ekakuta'' (one), ''dvikuta'' (two), ''trikuta'' (three), ''chatushkuta'' (four) and ''panchakuta'' (five). The last two types are rare. Sometimes a ''trikuta'' temple is literally not ''trikuta'' as only the central of three shrines may have a superstructure", Foekema (1996), p25〕 and has a closed ''mantapa'' (hall) that connects the sanctum to the large open ''mantapa''. It is medium-sized Hoysala temple with certain vastu features similar to the Veera Narayana Temple, Belavadi in ''mandapa'' structure and size. The open ''mandapa'' has twenty nine bays,〔Quote:"A bay is a square or rectangular compartment in the hall, Foekema (1996) p36, p93〕 and the closed ''mantapa'' has nine bays with a side porch that leads to a separate shrine on the south side. The shrine is square in shape has the original superstructure (''shikhara'') which is adorned with sculptures of ''Kirtimukhas'' (demon faces), miniature decorative towers (aedicule). Below the superstructure, the usually seen panel of Hindu deities is absent. The base of the wall has five mouldings which according to art critic Foekema is an "older Hoysala style".〔Quote:"In a typical "older style" that was popular throughout most of the 12th century Hoysala temples, there is one set of eaves where the tower meets the wall of the shrine. The eaves runs all around the temple. Eaves is a projecting roof overhanging the temple wall. Below the eaves are decorated miniature towers on pilasters. Below these towers are the wall panels of Hindu Gods, Goddesses and their attendants. Below these panels are the five mouldings", Foekema (1996), p28〕 The ''Sukanasi'', the tower on top of the vestibule that connects the sanctum to the closed ''mantapa'' (the ''Sukanasi'' appears like the nose of the superstructure),〔Foekema(1996), p22〕 has the original Hoysala emblem of "Sala" fighting the lion.〔Foekema (1996), p22〕〔According to Kamath, Sala fights a tiger. According to historians such as C. Hayavadhana Rao, J. D. M. Derrett and B. R Joshi, "Sala" was the mythical founder of the empire, Kamath (2001), p123〕 The rows of shining lathe turned pillars that support the ceiling of the ''mantapa'' is a Hoysala-Chalukya decorative idiom.〔Quote:"a common feature of Western Chalukya-Hoysala temples", Kamath (2001), p117〕 The ''mantapa'' has many deeply domed inner ceiling structures adorned with floral designs. The outer parapet wall of the open ''mantapa'' has a total of hundred and forty panel sculptures with depictions from the Hindu epics. Unlike many Hoysala temples where the panels are small and carvings in miniature, these panels are comparatively larger. The Ramayana is sculpted on the south side wall on seventy panels, with the story proceeding quite unusually, in anti-clockwise direction. On the north side wall, all depictions are clockwise, a norm in Hoysala architectural articulation. Twenty five panels depict the life of the Hindu god Krishna and the remaining forty five panels depict scenes from the epic Mahabharata.〔 Ruvari Mallitamma, the well known sculptor and architect is known to have started his career here working on the domed ceilings in the main ''mantapa''.〔''Architectural marvel'' by P.B.Premkumar, ''Spectrum'', Tuesday, January 20, 2004 ()〕 The large stone inscription near the porch contains poems composed by medieval Kannada poet Janna who had the hororific ''Kavichakravarti'' (''lit'', "emperor amobg poets") . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|